Remotely mind-controlled metasurface via brainwaves

Ruichao Zhu; Jiafu Wang; Tianshuo Qiu; Yajuan Han; Xinmin Fu; Yuzhi Shi; Xingsi Liu; Tonghao Liu; Zhongtao Zhang; Zuntian Chu; Cheng-Wei Qiu; Shaobo Qu

doi:10.1186/s43593-022-00016-0

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Remotely mind-controlled metasurface via brainwaves

eLight Vol. 2, Issue 1, (2022)

RESEARCH ARTICLE | Updated：2024-09-28

- Remotely mind-controlled metasurface via brainwaves
- Affiliations：
  
  Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially-Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, Shaanxi, China
  National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Author bio：
  
  *wangjiafu1981@126.com
  chengwei.qiu@nus.edu.sg
  qushaobo@126.com
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1186/s43593-022-00016-0
  CLC：
- Published：2022-12，
  
  Published Online：11 June 2022，
  
  Received：03 March 2022，
  
  Revised：12 April 2022，
  
  Accepted：15 April 2022
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Ruichao Zhu, Jiafu Wang, Tianshuo Qiu, et al. Remotely mind-controlled metasurface via brainwaves. [J]. eLight, 2022,2(1).
DOI：

Ruichao Zhu, Jiafu Wang, Tianshuo Qiu, et al. Remotely mind-controlled metasurface via brainwaves. [J]. eLight, 2022,2(1). DOI： 10.1186/s43593-022-00016-0.

摘要

Abstract

The power of controlling objects with mind has captivated a popular fascination to human beings. One possible path is to employ brain signal collecting technologies together with emerging programmable metasurfaces (PM)

whose functions or operating modes can be switched or customized via on-site programming or pre-defined software. Nevertheless

most of existing PMs are wire-connected to users

manually-controlled and not real-time. Here

we propose the concept of remotely mind-controlled metasurface (RMCM) via brainwaves. Rather than DC voltage from power supply or AC voltages from signal generators

the metasurface is controlled by brainwaves collected in real time and transmitted wirelessly from the user. As an example

we demonstrated a RMCM whose scattering pattern can be altered dynamically according to the user's brain waves via Bluetooth. The attention intensity information is extracted as the control signal and a mapping between attention intensity and scattering pattern of the metasurface is established.With such a framework

we experimentally demonstrated and verified a prototype of such metasurface system which can be remotely controlled by the user to modify its scattering pattern. This work paves a new way to intelligent metasurfaces and may find applications in health monitoring

5G/6G communications

smart sensors

etc.

关键词

Keywords

BrainwaveMind-controlledReprogrammable metasurfaceIntelligent metasurface

references

J. Xu, R. Yang, Y. Fan, Q. Fu, F. Zhang, A Review of tunable electromagnetic metamaterials with anisotropic liquid crystals. Front. Phys. 9, 67(2021)

Y. Liu, X. Zhang, Metamaterials: a new frontier of science and technology. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40, 2494-2507 (2011)

X. Luo, Metamaterials and metasurfaces. Adv. Opt. Mater. 7, 1900885(2019)

D.R. Smith, J.B. Pendry, M.C. Wiltshire, Metamaterials and negative refractive index. Science 305, 788-792 (2004)

S.A. Ramakrishna, Physics of negative refractive index materials. Reports Prog. Phys. 68, 449-521 (2005)

N. Yu, F. Capasso, Flat optics with designer metasurfaces. Nat. Mater. 13, 139-150 (2014)

S. Sun et al., Gradientindex metasurfaces as a bridge linking propagating waves and surface waves. Nat. Mater. 11, 426-431 (2012)

S. Sun, Q. He, J. Hao, S. Xiao, L. Zhou, Electromagnetic metasurfaces: physics and applications. Adv. Opt. Photon. 11, 380-479 (2019)

X. Luo, Principles of electromagnetic waves in metasurfaces. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 58, 594201 (2015)

S. Tang, T. Cai, H.-X. Xu, Q. He, S. Sun, L. Zhou, Multifunctional metasurfaces based on the "merging" concept and anisotropic single-structure meta-atoms. Appl. Sci. (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/app8040555https://doi.org/10.3390/app8040555

Y. Zhang, H. Liu, H. Cheng, J. Tian, S. Chen, Multidimensional manipulation of wave fields based on artificial microstructures. Optoelectron. Adv. 3, 200002-200032 (2020)

M. Liu et al., Multifunctional metasurfaces enabled by simultaneous and independent control of phase and amplitude for orthogonal polarization states. Light Sci. Appl. 10, 107 (2021)

D. Wen, S. Chen, F. Yue, K. Chan, M. Chen, M. Ardron et al., Metasurface device with helicity-dependent functionality. Adv. Opt. Mater. 4, 321-327 (2016)

S. Boroviks, R.A. Deshpande, N.A. Mortensen, S.I. Bozhevolnyi, Multifunctional metamirror: polarization splitting and focusing. ACS Photonics 5, 1648-1653 (2018)

B. Wang, F. Dong, Q.-T. Li, D. Yang, C. Sun, J. Chen et al., Visible-frequency dielectric metasurfaces for multiwavelength achromatic and highly dispersive holograms. Nano Lett. 16, 5235-5240 (2016)

M.-X. Ren, W. Wu, W. Cai, B. Pi, X.-Z. Zhang, J.-J. Xu, Reconfigurable metasurfaces that enable light polarization control by light. Light Sci. Appl. 6, e16254-e16254 (2017)

B. Zhu, Y. Feng, J. Zhao, C. Huang, T. Jiang, Switchable metamaterial reflector/absorber for different polarized electromagnetic waves. Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 51906 (2010)

Y.H. Fu, A.Q. Liu, W.M. Zhu, X.M. Zhang, D.P. Tsai, J.B. Zhang et al., A micromachined reconfigurable metamaterial via reconfiguration of asymmetric split-ring resonators. Adv. Funct. Mater. 21, 3589-3594(2011)

T. Driscoll, K. Hyun-Tak, C. Byung-Gyu, K. Bong-Jun, L. Yong-Wook, J.N. Marie et al., Memory metamaterials. Science 325, 1518-1521 (2009)

T. Lewi, P.P. Iyer, N.A. Butakov, A.A. Mikhailovsky, J.A. Schuller, Widely tunable infrared antennas using free carrier refraction. Nano Lett. 15, 8188-8193 (2015)

Q. Song et al., Water-resonator-based metasurface: an ultrabroadband and near-unity absorption. Adv. Opt. Mater. 5, 1601103 (2017)

S. Cueff et al., Reconfigurable flat optics with programmable reflection amplitude using lithography-free phase-change material ultra-thin films. Adv. Opt. Mater. 9, 2001291 (2021)

D.F. Sievenpiper, J.H. Schaffner, H.J. Song, R.Y. Loo, G. Tangonan, Twodimensional beam steering using an electrically tunable impedance surface. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 51, 2713-2722 (2003)

H.-X. Xu et al., Dynamical control on helicity of electromagnetic waves by tunable metasurfaces. Sci. Rep. 6, 27503 (2016)

J.Y. Dai et al., Wireless communications through a simplified architecture based on time-domain digital coding metasurface. Adv. Mater. Technol. 4, 1900044 (2019)

N. Mou et al., Large-scale, low-cost, broadband and tunable perfect optical absorber based on phase-change material. Nanoscale 12, 5374-5379 (2020)

A. Nemati et al., Ultra-high extinction-ratio light modulation by electrically tunable metasurface using dual epsilon-near-zero resonances. Opto-Electron Adv 4, 200011-200088 (2021)

T.J. Cui, M.Q. Qi, X. Wan, J. Zhao, Q. Cheng, Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials. Light Sci. Appl. 3, e218-e218 (2014)

X. Wan, M.Q. Qi, T.Y. Chen, T.J. Cui, Field-programmable beam reconfiguring based on digitally-controlled coding metasurface. Sci. Rep. 6, 20663 (2016)

H. Yang, X. Cao, F. Yang, J. Gao, S. Xu, M. Li et al., A programmable metasurface with dynamic polarization, scattering and focusing control. Sci. Rep. 6, 35692 (2016)

L. Li, T. Jun Cui, W. Ji, S. Liu, J. Ding, X. Wan et al., Electromagnetic reprogrammable coding-metasurface holograms. Nat. Commun. 8, 197(2017)

L. Zhang, X.Q. Chen, S. Liu, Q. Zhang, J. Zhao, J.Y. Dai et al., Space-timecoding digital metasurfaces. Nat. Commun. 9, 4334 (2018)

Q. Yu, Y.N. Zheng, Z. Gu, J. Liu, Y.C. Liang, L.Z. Li et al., Self-adaptive metasurface platform based on computer vision. Opt. Lett. 46, 3520-3523 (2021)

C. Qian, B. Zheng, Y. Shen, L. Jing, E. Li, L. Shen et al., Deep-learningenabled self-adaptive microwave cloak without human intervention. Nat. Photonics 14, 383-390 (2020)

Q. Ma, G.D. Bai, H.B. Jing, C. Yang, L. Li, T.J. Cui, Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions. Light Sci. Appl. 8, 98 (2019)

G.Y. Liu, L. Li, J.Q. Han, H.X. Liu, X.H. Gao, Y. Shi et al., Frequency-domain and spatial-domain reconfigurable metasurface. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12, 23554-23564 (2020)

H. Xu, D.-F. Guan, B. Peng, Z. Liu, S. Yong, Y. Liu, Radar one-dimensional range profile dynamic jamming based on programmable metasurface. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 20, 1883-1887 (2021)

Skyworks Solutions, SMP1340–011 Plastic Packaged PIN Diodes, https://www.rfmw.com/products/detail/smp1340011-skyworks/17809/https://www.rfmw.com/products/detail/smp1340011-skyworks/17809/. Accessed 11 Nov 2021

B. Stinson, D. Arthur, A novel EEG for alpha brain state training, neurobiofeedback and behavior change. Complement. Ther. Clin. Pract. 19, 114-118 (2013)

J.S. Kumar, P. Bhuvaneswari, Analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) signals and its categorization–a study. Procedia Eng. 38, 2525-2536 (2012)

Q. Zheng et al., Wideband, wide-angle coding phase gradient metasurfaces based on Pancharatnam-Berry phase. Sci. Rep. 7, 43543 (2017)

J.J. Yang, Y.Z. Cheng, D. Qi, R.Z. Gong, Study of energy scattering relation and RCS reduction characteristic of matrix-type coding metasurface. Appl. Sci. (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081231https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081231

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Publicity Resources

No data

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

⁰