Scalar optical hopfions

Chenhao Wan; Yijie Shen; Andy Chong; Qiwen Zhan

doi:10.1186/s43593-022-00030-2

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Scalar optical hopfions

eLight Vol. 2, Issue 1, (2022)

RESEARCH ARTICLE | Updated：2024-09-28

- Scalar optical hopfions
- Affiliations：
  
  School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
  School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
  Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
  Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, South Korea
  Zhangjiang Laboratory, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201204, China
  Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Author bio：
  
  *wanchenhao@hotmail.com
  qwzhan@usst.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1186/s43593-022-00030-2
  CLC：
- Published：2022-12，
  
  Published Online：01 November 2022，
  
  Received：11 August 2022，
  
  Revised：10 September 2022，
  
  Accepted：14 September 2022
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Chenhao Wan, Yijie Shen, Andy Chong, et al. Scalar optical hopfions. [J]. eLight, 2022,2(1).
DOI：

Chenhao Wan, Yijie Shen, Andy Chong, et al. Scalar optical hopfions. [J]. eLight, 2022,2(1). DOI： 10.1186/s43593-022-00030-2.

摘要

Abstract

Hopfions are three-dimensional (3D) topological states discovered in field theory

magnetics

and hydrodynamics that resemble particle-like objects in physical space. Hopfions inherit the topological features of the Hopf fibration

a homotopic mapping from unit sphere in 4D space to unit sphere in 3D space. Here we design and demonstrate dynamic scalar optical hopfions in the shape of a toroidal vortex and expressed as an approximate solution to Maxwell's equations. Equiphase lines correspond to disjoint and interlinked loops forming complete ring tori in 3D space. The Hopf invariant

product of two winding numbers

is determined by the topological charge of the poloidal spatiotemporal vortices and toroidal spatial vortices in toroidal coordinates. Optical hopfions provide a photonic testbed for studying topological states and may be utilized as high-dimensional information carriers.

关键词

Keywords

HopfionToroidal vortexSpatiotemporal vortexWave packetTopologyTopological charge

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